Blog/Data Analysis/ Montana Corner Crossings

Montana Corner Crossings: We Mapped 4,112 of Them

Corner crossing — stepping from one block of public land to another at a shared corner point without touching private property — is one of the most contested access issues in the American West, and Montana just became its new frontline. We ran a spatial analysis against Montana's parcel data and identified 4,112 locations where the practice is physically possible — though this is an initial analysis and some results may contain errors. The legal status of every one of them is now in court.

The lawsuit: BHA vs. Montana FWP

In January 2026, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks issued an internal memo declaring corner crossing unlawful and directing game wardens to issue citations — a break from prior guidance that had largely left corner crossers alone. On May 14, Backcountry Hunters & Anglers (BHA) and the Public Land & Water Access Association (PLWA) filed suit in Lewis and Clark County District Court, seeking to block the memo and secure access to an estimated 871,000 acres of public land that would become effectively unreachable if corner crossing is ruled trespass.

The catalyst — The FWP memo followed the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals' March 2025 ruling that corner crossing on federal land does not violate federal law — a case stemming from the prosecution of Wyoming hunters. Montana falls outside the Tenth Circuit and is not bound by that ruling. FWP moved to reaffirm its contrary position anyway.
The state's argument — Montana has no statute explicitly prohibiting corner crossing. Instead, state officials argue that stepping through the airspace above a private corner — without ever touching the ground — can constitute trespass under broader property rights and airspace law. BHA counters that this position has no legal basis and that FWP is exceeding its authority.

Our analysis: 4,112 potential crossings

We identified every location in Montana where two public parcels (federal or state) share only a corner point, with private land filling the other two corners of the intersection. The 4,112 crossings we found cluster heavily in eastern Montana where the original railroad-era checkerboard land pattern is most intact, and in river corridors where federal ownership follows a patchwork of bottomland and upland parcels.

4,112 potential corner crossings in Montana · OutsideDB spatial analysis · Montana cadastral parcel data

Sources — BHA/PLWA complaint filed May 14, 2026, Lewis and Clark County District Court. GearJunkie, MeatEater, Outdoor Life, Daily Inter Lake, Field & Stream, and Western News coverage May–June 2026. Spatial analysis: OutsideDB using Montana cadastral parcel data.